Journal: Npj Biosensing

Article Title: Plasmonic biosensors and actuators for integrated point-of-care diagnostics

doi: 10.1038/s44328-025-00050-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic illustration of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR uses light-excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to detect the binding of ligands to receptors immobilized on a metallic thin film surface. b Schematic illustration of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). LSPR refers to the collective oscillation of conduction electrons near the surface of metallic nanostructures when exposed to light, generating a localized electromagnetic field with unique optical properties. c Schematic illustration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The detected Raman shift is correlated to the excited vibration of the molecule, occurring during the inelastic scattering of photons (Stokes or anti-Stokes). d Schematic illustration of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). The plasmonic nanoparticles enhance the local electromagnetic field, increasing the excitation rate and the radiative decay rate of the fluorophore nearby. e Schematic illustration of plasmonic dimer. Plasmonic coupling can enhance 10 4 stronger intensities than that of fluorophore molecules. f Schematic illustration of plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET). Energy is transferred from plasmonic optical antennas to the molecule showing the quantized quenching dips at the absorption peaks of the molecule on the scattering spectrum of the nanoplasmonic optical antennas. g Schematic illustration of plasmonic resonance energy transfer-based metal ion sensing (PRET-MIS). Metal ions can be identified explicitly by conjugated metal–ligand complexes and a single gold nanoparticle using PRET-MIS. When the absorption spectrum of the metal–ligand complex matches with the scattering spectrum of the gold nanoparticle, it induces energy transfer, resulting in a distinguishable quenching dip on the gold nanoparticle scattering spectrum. Reproduced with permission from . Copyright 2009 Springer Nature. h Schematic illustration of quantum biological electron tunneling (QBET). QBET spectroscopy uses PRET to observe real-time optical detection of quantum biological electron tunneling and electron transfer in mitochondrial cytochrome c during cellular apoptosis and necrosis in living cells. i Schematic illustration of reverse plasmon resonance energy transfer (rPRET). Monitoring dynamic intercellular communication can be achieved by interfacing plasmonic nanoantennas with resonating black hole quencher (BHQ-3) molecules, enabling cell–cell signaling detection through enzymes like azoreductase released via EVs or microvesicles (MVs).

Article Snippet: Copyright 2011 Applied Spectroscopy. f Commercial Ocean Insight SERS substrate made of gold or silver, mounted in a microscope slide.

Techniques: SPR Assay, Binding Assay, Raman Spectroscopy, Fluorescence, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Spectroscopy

Journal: Npj Biosensing

Article Title: Plasmonic biosensors and actuators for integrated point-of-care diagnostics

doi: 10.1038/s44328-025-00050-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Biacore SPR sensor chip provides real-time, ready-to-go analysis of a wide range of molecular interactions, providing kinetics, affinity, and binding data (Credit: Cytiva Life Sciences (cytivalifesciences.com)). b Carterra SPR sensors integrate with HT-SPR technology, enabling fragments and small molecules screening and antibody discovery. c Detection principle of NG-Test CARBA 5 Lateral Flow Assay, NG Biotech. Reprinted with permission from ref. . Copyright 2018 Oxford Academic. d Principle of detection method for Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay (NALFIA), Pocket Diagnostic. Reprinted with permission from ref. . Copyright 2024 Springer Nature. e Klarite SERS substrate on an array of inverted pyramid structures (credit: optics.org). Reprinted with permission from ref. . Copyright 2011 Applied Spectroscopy. f Commercial Ocean Insight SERS substrate made of gold or silver, mounted in a microscope slide. Reprinted with permission from ref. . Copyright 2023 Springer Nature. g Nanopartz Plasmonic PCR and its 8-channels for POC system (credit: Nanopartz Inc. (nanopartz.com)). h Nexless P – IV transforms is an innovative Plasmonic PCR Technology, combining advanced plasmonic gold nanorod nanoparticles with real-time quantitative PCR. (Credit: Nexless Healthcare (nexlesshealthcare.ca)).

Article Snippet: Copyright 2011 Applied Spectroscopy. f Commercial Ocean Insight SERS substrate made of gold or silver, mounted in a microscope slide.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Lateral Flow Assay, Diagnostic Assay, Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction